Established on 14 April 2005, Duke-NUS Medical School (Duke-NUS) is a landmark collaboration between two-world ranking institutions of higher education: Duke University and the National University of Singapore (NUS). Marking a milestone in Singapore’s transition into an internationally renowned biomedical science hub, Duke-NUS seeks to nurture a pipeline of talented clinicians and clinician scientists and produce research that has the ability to transform medicine and impact patients’ lives in Singapore and beyond.
Journey with us in celebrating the 15 years of impact we have made on Singapore’s medical education and healthcare community, growing from a boutique school to a world-class medical institution recognised for its prolific and top-notch research discoveries that transform medicine and improve lives.
We wouldn’t have come this far without the support from our ministries — Ministry of Education (MOE) and Ministry of Health (MOH) — our partners – Duke University, NUS and SingHealth — as well as our donors, collaborators, alumni, students, staff and everyone out there in the community.
Thank you for staying the course with us, and we look forward to your continued support as we pursue even greater things at Duke-NUS!
As we mark 15 years since Duke-NUS was established as Singapore’s only graduate-entry medical school, we celebrate our accomplishments in outstanding education, cutting-edge research and impactful innovation.
Born out of a partnership between two world-class institutions — Duke University and NUS — Duke-NUS has met the Singapore government’s goal of producing a pipeline of future-ready clinicians and clinician scientists, as well as propelling the country’s biomedical research industry. All these would not have been possible without the generosity and faith of our esteemed benefactors and donors, especially the Estate of Khoo Teck Puat. Their continued support has allowed us to develop into a vibrant institution where greater things happen.
You will discover, in this tome, that Duke-NUS has exceeded its goals, both as a world-class medical school and a leader in translational research. As of 2020, our MD programme has graduated 502 students, many of whom have won national awards for research, formed their own start-up companies and produced hundreds of scientific publications. At the core of our educational philosophy is our ‘Clinician First, Clinician Plus’ programme. This nurtures highly competent clinicians with the additional skills to become scientists, educators, innovators and leaders who will help steer our evolving healthcare system.
As a research-intensive medical school, we have demonstrated new ways of understanding diseases, changing treatments and diagnostic strategies. Our investigators have been granted a total of 73 patents and 22 licences, while forming 16 start-up companies.
Our overall success has been supported by our strategic Academic Medicine partnership with SingHealth, and the formation of the SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre (AMC). This AMC consists of a rich, multi-disciplinary ecosystem that has allowed us to translate education and research into improved healthcare outcomes. With the Singapore General Hospital being named the world’s third best hospital by Newsweek Magazine, we are thrilled that our students are receiving their clinical training in a world-class clinical environment.
I hope that you will enjoy reading about our collective achievements, garnered under the dedicated leadership of an outstanding Governing Board led by our exceptional Chairmen Mr Tony Chew (2005–2011), Mr Kai Nargolwala (2011–2019) and Mr Goh Yew Lin (2019–present).
As a research-intensive medical school, we have demonstrated new ways of understanding diseases, changing treatments and diagnostic strategies.
Moving forward, we will continue to position the School as a unique pathway to a career as an outstanding clinician with broader interests in research, education, health policy, innovation and administration. We will also work to strengthen our partnership with SingHealth, and collaborate with key institutions in Singapore and beyond. We remain dedicated to our mission of transforming medicine and improving lives.
“It’s amazing how far Duke-NUS has come in a relatively short space of time! The early years were filled with long meetings, complex wall-to-wall Gantt charts, and a great deal of hard work. But in that formative period, the spirit and culture of the institution was forged and continues to thrive to this day – the impulse to innovate, the commitment to make a deep impact in medicine, the desire to contribute to society, the eagerness to work with others in pursuit of excellence. Many outstanding individuals from Duke, NUS, SingHealth and the Singapore government played instrumental roles in the School’s rapid progress. It was a great privilege to have been a part of this extraordinary journey, and I am also very grateful for the warm friendships and deep sense of collective purpose that made the joint work so meaningful and enjoyable.”
“Just 15 years after its founding, Duke-NUS has established a global reputation as a leading medical enterprise that is transforming biomedical research and education in Singapore and around the world. Thanks to the leadership and dedication of many at Duke University and the National University of Singapore and the unwavering support of Singapore government leaders - as well as the enterprising spirit of Duke-NUS' students and staff - the university is on a trajectory for remarkable impact across science and human health. It is a tremendous honor and privilege to have been involved with this important partnership from the very beginning.”
“Our vision for Duke-NUS was to train doctors who are not only clinically excellent in patient care but are also good clinician scientists who practice evidence-based medicine to ensure safe and effective outcomes for patients. Through my interaction with successive batches of Duke-NUS graduates, I’m very gratified that we have been successful in achieving this vision. We have nurtured a pipeline of strong clinician scientists whom I believe will make good healthcare leaders of tomorrow.”
“It was an exhilarating time, which saw us create the MD-PhD programme, build our residency training programme and expand our research capabilities, including the prescient creation of ABSL 3 that has turned out to be critical during COVID-19. I am proud and thankful to have been part of the growth of Duke-NUS Medical School.”
“I have had the privilege of witnessing the amazing growth of Duke-NUS from day 1, with so much support rendered to us from our parent universities, partners and stakeholders. It has been immensely gratifying to see how the school has advanced medical education, research and academic medicine in Singapore, and the impact our activities have had on the global stage. I am heartened to see how Duke-NUS has served her purpose, exemplifying our mission and vision. At this 15th anniversary, let us recommit our values of courage, integrity, compassion and collaboration as the driving force to bring Duke-NUS to even greater heights and celebrate our contributions to healthcare and innovation.”
We would like to extend our gratitude to all of you for making this a memorable record of our collective achievements. Thank you, and we hope you have enjoyed reading this.
For enquiries, please email us at communications@duke-nus.edu.sg
First MD Class
Duke-NUS welcomed its inaugural class of 26 medical students on 1 August 2007. The programme is positioned to provide active learning opportunities, and support and mentor students in their areas of interest, through the world-renowned TeamLEAD educational strategy that promotes collaboration and teamwork.
First PhD Class
Duke-NUS launched its inaugural PhD programme in Integrated Biology and Medicine (IBM) in August 2010, with 13 students in the first cohort. With an emphasis on translational bioscience, the programme distinguishes itself from others in Singapore and abroad by preparing researchers to translate their results from bench to bedside, with advanced training in one of Duke-NUS’ five Signature Research Programmes.
TeamLEAD
Duke-NUS approaches learning in an innovative and progressive way. Through the use of TeamLEAD — a learning pedagogy that stands for Learn, Engage, Apply, and Develop, students are presented with the opportunity to learn through reading and supplementary materials beforehand, to enhance efficiency within the classroom.
Utilising the tools provided, students are able to increase their productivity through practical problem-solving and small group discussion.
Not only does TeamLEAD encourage students to develop critical thinking skills, it promotes constant engagement, feedback, and dialogue between the student, their peers and faculty. This hallmark learning method has since been adopted by Duke University as well as various other schools in Singapore.
Our Outstanding Alumni, Our Clinicians Plus
“Duke-NUS prepared me well for my specialist training and career. The faculty’s professionalism and dedication are a great source of inspiration and I’m grateful for the opportunities. I wish the school many good years to come!”
With a background in mechanical engineering, Kheng Choon spent seven years in the air force as an aircraft engineer. Inspired by how the medical team cared for victims of the 2004 tsunami and the dramatic impact they had on those they helped, he made a career switch, joining the pioneer batch of MD students at Duke-NUS and receiving his medical degree in 2011. A top student, Kheng Choon published a paper on liver cancer in the prestigious Annals of Surgery, and was conferred the SingHealth David Sabiston Gold Medal in Surgery Award — awarded to the most outstanding student in the field of surgery. During his specialist training with SingHealth Diagnostic Radiology Residency, he was appointed Chief Resident under the Singapore Chief Resident Programme and also won the SingHealth Publish! Award (Outstanding). He is now a Consultant at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital .
Dr Lim Kheng Choon (Clinician Leader)
MD Class of 2011
Our Outstanding Alumni, Our Clinicians Plus
“Duke NUS’ unique curriculum doesn’t just emphasise clinical knowledge, but also research. This has prepared and given me the opportunity to pursue my passion in both surgery and medical device innovation.”
Rena is fondly known as Duke-NUS’ “serial clinician innovator”, with three start-ups under her belt — Privi Medical, an innovation-driven medical technology company that developed a U.S. FDA approved disposable medical device which alleviates haemorrhoid-related bleeding and pain; Jaga-Me, an online platform that matches home-nursing care to families in need of services; and CATALYST, a coworking space targeting medtech and healthtech start-ups in Singapore. She attained a biomedical engineering degree before she enrolled in Duke-NUS Medical School, bringing her prior experiences along with her. She is currently also an Entrepreneur-in-Residence at CTeD, and works to ensure optimal commercial outcomes for all Duke-NUS inventions.
Dr Rena Dharmawan (Clinician Innovator)
MD Class of 2011
Our Outstanding Alumni, Our Clinicians Plus
“As the pioneer batch from Duke-NUS, we faced many challenges and an uncharted landscape from day one. But in crisis, you find opportunities. We carved out our own paths and wrote our own rules.”
Prior to Duke-NUS, Vincent studied Pharmaceutical Science at NUS, on a scholarship from the Defence Science and Technology Agency, before serving at the Defence Medical Environmental Research Institute. Enrolling into the pioneer Class of 2011, he also served as vice-president on the Students’ Executive Committee. His research in translating the use of adipose derived cells in plastic surgery received almost half a million dollars in grant funding from the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Clinician-Scientist New Investigator Grant — awarded to a resident for the first time — and Khoo Mentored Research Award . He was also the inaugural recipient of the National Outstanding Clinician Scientist Resident Award in 2017. In 2019, Vincent pursued a fellowship in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery at Akademikliniken, Sweden. Returning in January 2020, he joined the Plastic Surgery Service at the Changi General Hospital.
Dr Tay Khwee Soon Vincent (Clinician Scientist)
MD Class of 2011
Our Outstanding Alumni, Our Clinicians Plus
“Duke-NUS pushed me to exceed my expectations. I returned to teach because I know what the journey is like, and to help my juniors in their journey.”
Shan received her Bachelor of Arts in Biology from Pomona College in California, and worked as a Research Assistant at the Center for Clinical Sciences Research at Stanford University Medical Center prior to her enrolment at Duke-NUS. After her residency at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, she joined Duke-NUS as a clinical instructor in 2015 to nurture future generations of clinicians. Between 2015 and 2017, she co-managed the Duke-NUS Clinical Overlay (CLOVER) Programme — a novel proactive initiative for coaching medical students struggling with academic and/or clinical skills development. She subsequently transitioned to full management in July 2017, and was promoted to Assistant Professor (Education) in 2018, taking on the role of Director of Student Academic Development. Shan is also an Assistant Professor with the School, where she is involved in the development and teaching of the Clinical Reasoning curriculum throughout all four years.
Dr Shan Koh Bundgaard (Clinician Educator)
MD Class of 2011
Duke-NUS medical graduates enter healthcare frontline amid pandemic in Singapore’s first virtual Hippocratic Oath ceremony.
It was a first for the Duke-NUS’ graduating class of 2020, as they made the nation’s and the School’s history with a virtual Hippocratic Oath Ceremony on 29 May 2020.
Due to the unprecedented circumstances of COVID-19, Duke-NUS organised the virtual event on a video conferencing platform to collectively celebrate our graduates, and the students’ transition to join the frontline ranks of Singapore’s healthcare professionals. Empowered, this diverse cohort of graduating students remained steadfast in their journey to qualify as frontline doctors.
The collective recital of the Hippocratic Oath symbolises the professional values and personal responsibilities that physicians agree to uphold for the benefit and care of their patients. You can watch the video recording here.
A Drug to Inhibit Wnt Signaling Pathways
Cancer is a disease of mutations, and modern cancer therapy seeks to specifically target abnormal pathways while sparing normal functions. In this way, cancer growth can be blocked while minimizing unpleasant side effects.
Prof David Virshup, Director of Duke-NUS’ Cancer and Stem Cell Biology programme, led discovery research on Wnt signalling – a critical regulatory mechanism in the body associated with both normal development and the renewal of tissues in adults. Wnt (pronounced ‘Wint’) proteins are signalling molecules that play an important role in the expression of genes that are involved in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Abnormal Wnt signalling is often found in diseases such as cancer.
This discovery enabled researchers from Duke-NUS and A*STAR to develop further insights and collaborate on the development of ETC-159, a novel cancer drug for the treatment of a variety of cancers, including colorectal, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. ETC-159 is effective in the laboratory at treating cancers with specific mutations in the Wnt signaling pathway. Because of its promise, it is in clinical trials in Singapore and aboard to test whether it will help patients with Wnt-mutant cancers. ETC-159 has also shown to decrease proliferation in other tissues, such as in experimental renal fibrosis.
New Insights on Diabetic Kidney Disease Supported by DYNAMO
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of dialysis-dependence in Singapore, where the rates of DKD as a cause of end-stage kidney failure are among the highest in the world. The Diabetes StudY in Nephropathy And other Microvascular cOmplications (DYNAMO) was launched in 2017 in support of the Singapore Ministry of Health’s War on Diabetes and is focused on addressing the problem of DKD.
Led by Professor Thomas Coffman, Dean of Duke-NUS Medical School and a nephrologist, DYNAMO fosters extensive collaborations within the local research community, including Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore National Eye Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, as well as with leading universities such as Duke University in the US, the Imperial College of London in the UK, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Sydney in Australia. It aims to reduce prevalence of DKD in Singapore by 30% in five years.
In a 2018 breakthrough, scientists led by Professor Coffman developed a mouse model that successfully emulates human DKD — differing from existing diabetic mice models that typically only develop minimal kidney damage — and made the surprise discovery that genes controlling immune and inflammatory responses may play a key role in promoting kidney damage.
In January 2020, a team led by Professor Karl Tryggvason, Tanoto Foundation Professor in Diabetes Research, and Associate Professor Enrico Petretto at Duke-NUS’ Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders programme published a study in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrolog to identify genes that could be involved in DKD development from analyses of samples from a unique population of Finnish sibling pairs with diabetes and with and without DKD.
Coffee Drinking is Associated with Reduced Risks of End-Stage Renal Disease and Liver Cirrhosis Death
Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease or liver cirrhosis who worry if they can continue drinking coffee beverages that they enjoy will be heartened by evidence from studies that have shown an association between coffee drinking and a lower risk of end-stage kidney disease and death from liver cirrhosis.
Although many epidemiologic studies have examined the associations between coffee and disease risk in Western populations, few studies have been conducted in Asian populations, among whom coffee consumption is increasing. Given the rise in incidence of end-stage kidney disease and liver cirrhosis deaths in Singapore and globally, and supported by evidence from experimental research, studies on the associations between coffee and the risks of these outcomes were conducted in the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study cohort led by Professor Woon-Puay Koh.
The study showed that, compared to non-daily drinkers, those who drank two or more cups of coffee per day had lower risks of end-stage kidney disease and death from liver cirrhosis. Ingredients in coffee other than caffeine appeared to be responsible for the beverage’s effect on risk reduction. Since coffee is widely consumed globally, this finding has significant clinical and public health implications and provides further impetus to determine the components of coffee that are responsible for the protective effect on kidney and liver health. However, it is too early to recommend the consumption of coffee for health until more thorough data from clinical trials can be obtained.
Fruit Flies Help Uncover Tumour-Preventing Protein Complex
A team of researchers from Duke-NUS, led by Professor Hongyan Wang, have discovered a protein complex in fruit flies that suppresses tumour formation. This protein complex, comprising Brahma, HDAC3 and Earmuff, disrupts dedifferentiation, also known as reversion, a process that is known to promote tumour development through leading progenitor or mature cells to become ectopic neural stem cells.
Using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model, the team studied neural stem cells (NSC) — multi-potent cells key to brain and nervous system functions — in larval brains to gain a better understanding of stem cell behaviour. Their research showed that type II neuroblasts found in fruit flies bear semblance to human NSCs, providing novel insight into how human NSCs may function.
With a deeper understanding of NSCs, further research can be undertaken in developing therapies and treatments that target tumour prevention and pave the way for further development of future cancer therapies.
Combating COVID-19
In late 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) originating in China began to spread around the globe. In January 2020, scientists from Duke-NUS, along with clinicians and scientists from SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medicine Centre, Singapore General Hospital, National Centre for Infectious Diseases and Ministry of Health, successfully cultured the coronavirus from an infected patient’s clinical sample, making Singapore the third country in the world to do so. Cultured within a week of Singapore’s first case, the virus sample paved the way for more accurate diagnosis and the development of the first serological tests for COVID-19 at Duke-NUS, along with the basis for developing vaccines and cures.
In a bid to develop a novel vaccine for COVID-19, Duke-NUS has entered a partnership with Arcturus Therapeutics. Based on Arcturus Therapeutics’ STARR Technology, which combines RNA with LUNAR® — a leading nanoparticle non-viral delivery system — to produce proteins inside the human body, the proposed vaccine utilises Duke-NUS’ platform that allows for the rapid screening of vaccines for effectiveness and safety. The self-replicating RNA-based therapeutic vaccine develops immunity by triggering rapid and prolonged antigen expression within host cells.
Duke-NUS Led Team Wins the American Association for Cancer Research Team Science Award
For the first time since its inception, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Team Science Award was conferred to an Asian team of cancer researchers in 2018, comprising researchers from Duke-NUS, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore and collaborators from Japan, Taiwan and Thailand. The prestigious award honours impactful ground-breaking cancer research.
The study focuses on cancers predominantly found in Asia; the team studied a plethora of cancers from gastric cancer to little known cancers such as the Asian prevalent T cell lymphomas and bile-duct cancers, forming a hypothesis on the link between cancer and the environment.
T Cell Therapy as a Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a condition predominantly presented in Asian patients and is highly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a commonly occurring liver cancer. Existing treatments for small to moderate sized HCC are usually restricted to surgery, liver transplantation and loco-regional treatments, while drug-based treatments do not improve prognosis by much when it comes to more extensive cases.
In collaboration with the Singapore General Hospital and Lion TCR, Duke-NUS researchers have successfully engineered HBV-specific T cells, a type of immune cells with an ability to kill cancer cells, and have also used these cells to treat HCC. The researchers showed that engineered HBV-specific T cells can recognise HBV proteins expressed on HCC cells derived from their integrated HBV-DNA, a common feature of HBV-related liver cancer. Upon analysing the specific integration patterns in the HCC cells, researchers then engineered the T cells to destroy the tumour. The treatment is patient-specific, as the engineered T cells are individually engineered and can even reduce the size of tumour lesions in patients with HBV associated liver cancer recurrence.
Modelling Human Developmental Disorders Using Human Neural Cells and Brain Organoids
In a first-of-its-kind study led by Duke-NUS and National Neuroscience Institute, researchers have investigated and uncovered the underlying mechanism behind epileptic seizures caused by Angelman Syndrome (AS). Using human neural cells and brain organoids, the study showed that a specific ion channel in brain network hyperactivity is accountable for epileptic seizures. This is linked to the Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene deficiency in neurons.
The disruption to the UBE3A gene is shared by AS and autism, leading researchers to believe that the discovery of this underlying mechanism can eventually lead to therapeutic options and treatment for autism, AS and other disorders with similar symptoms. The study’s findings also highlighted the importance of utilising human cells in the modelling of human developmental disorders — a research milestone for future studies.
Academic Clinical Programmes (ACPs)
On August 2011, Duke-NUS launched the Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Paediatrics, and Medicine ACPs — the first of a group of 15 other ACPs.
This integrated framework is designed to support our collective vision towards academic medicine. Each of these 15 ACPs is created based on a clinical specialty in order to harness the expertise of each discipline across SingHealth and Duke-NUS, in turn enabling greater synergy in clinical care, education and research.
Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Sciences • Cardiovascular Sciences • Emergency Medicine • Family Medicine • Medicine • Musculoskeletal Sciences • Neuroscience • Obstetrics and Gynaecology • Oncology • Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences • Oral Health • Paediatrics • Pathology • Radiological Sciences • Surgery
SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre Formally Established
A Memorandum of Understanding to establish the SingHealth Duke-NUS Medical Centre was signed on 29 May 2014.
The practice of academic medicine integrates three pillars of medicine — clinical care, education and research — while relying on the collective strengths of both SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School to provide excellent patient care with a three-fold thrust: (1) deliver high quality affordable and compassionate patient care, (2) train practising and aspiring healthcare professionals and (3) advance health and healthcare innovations and research.
SingHealth Duke-NUS Joint Institutes and Centres
The SingHealth Duke-NUS AMC is further enhanced with the establishment of 14 Joint Institutes and Centres. Through these Joint Institutes and Centres, we invest in translational and clinical research platforms to deliver world-class scientific discoveries and solutions for preventing and treating diseases relevant to the region.
Academic Medicine Education Institute • Academic Medicine Research Institute • Health Services Research Institute • Infectious Diseases Research Institute • Institute for Patients Safety & Quality • Institute of Precision Medicine • Joint Centre for Technology & Development • National Cancer Research Institute Singapore • National Dental Research Institute Singapore • National Heart Research Institute Singapore • National Neuroscience Institute Singapore • SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute • Translational Immunology Institute • Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre
CognaLearn
As trailblazers in medical science, Duke-NUS students and staff innovate with the goal of bringing their ideas to reality and improving the community.
In 2015, Brian O’Dwyer, who was then an Entreprenuer-in-Residence in Duke-NUS’ Centre for Technology and Development (CTeD), founded CognaLearn, a learning science company that combines team-based education and cognitive science with digital technology developed at Duke-NUS. The company facilitates efficient and productive learning that leads to improve learning outcomes, working with over 75 academic, corporate and government institutions across 15 countries to enhance education through teaching software, train-the-trainer workshops and Turnkey solutions.
Brian, who is also a Duke University MBA graduate, and his team at CognaLearn developed InteDashboard — the company’s proprietary software solution that facilitates digital team-based learning. Used in 20 institutions across Asia, Australia and the United States, it guides students through the learning process from pre-work until lesson and evaluation by aligning curriculum goals with appropriate learning strategies, resulting in a more cohesive curriculum.
CognaLearn has achieved much since its founding, with recognition and accolades from both the Education and Information Technology sectors, winning awards at major platforms, such as the TechSauce Global Summit 2018, INSEAD Education Symposium 2018 and the Excellence in eLearning, World Education Congress and Awards. CognaLearn continues to advocate and propagate team-based learning to achieve its vision to improve outcomes for one million learners by 2025.
Travecta Therapeutics Pte Ltd
The protective blood-brain barrier of the central nervous system is highly effective at preventing toxic compounds from entering the brain. As a result, more than 98% of drug molecules are also unable to enter the brain, making it difficult to treat diseases of the brain, eye and central nervous system.
Travecta Therapeutics Pte Ltd was co-founded by Professor David Silver, who is from Duke NUS’ Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, based on his team’s discovery that a transporter protein called Mfsd2a carries lipids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the chemical form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to the brain.
Building on a deep understanding of the Mfsd2a transporter, Travecta’s proprietary platform, mVECTATM, allows the targeting of key biological targets across the blood-brain barrier, aiding in the development of new therapies for currently untreatable diseases and potentially revolutionising treatments for neurological conditions.
Travecta has secured US$15 million in Series A funding for the mVECTATM platform from TKS1, a life-sciences-focused venture capital fund stemming from a partnership between SPRIM Ventures and Tikehau Capital. This will be used towards developing TVT-004 — Travecta’s leading non-opioid product, which targets pain — with clinical trials potentially beginning in 2021, as well as the progression of earlier stage research programmes in neuro-oncology and neuro-inflammation.
Enleofen Bio Pte Ltd
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) belongs to a class of proteins, known as cytokines, that mediates fibrosis. A breakthrough discovery in cardiovascular fibrosis by Professor Stuart Cook and Assistant Professor Sebastian Schafer from Duke-NUS’ Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and National Heart Centre Singapore showed that blocking IL-11 can inhibit fibrotic diseases of the heart, liver and lungs. With few treatment options available for fibrotic diseases — a major cause of illness and death around the world — this compelling need led to their founding of Enleofen Bio Pte Ltd to develop first-class therapeutics for the treatment of such diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
In December 2019, the privately-owned German drug company Boehringer Ingelheim International entered a deal with Enleofen Bio to purchase the company’s assets and take over the licensing of the intellectual property assets from the owners Duke-NUS and SingHealth Services with a view to develop preclinical drug candidates that target IL-11. Enleofen’s lead product candidate, ENx108A, is an IL-11-targeting antibody that has been shown to reverse organ dysfunction by targeting fibrosis and inflammation. Other product candidates include ENx203 and ENx209, as well as second-generation therapeutics.
Boehringer Ingelheim’s initial focus will be on developing novel therapies for patients with NASH and ILDs, two of their core disease focus areas, with potential for further expansion into other fibro-inflammatory conditions based on IL-11’s central role in disease. The company will work closely with Duke-NUS to further develop the anti-IL11 antibody platform and translate it into clinical development, with the prospect of addressing the currently unmet needs of patients around the world.
Evecxia Inc
There is an inadequacy in the current range of therapies for patients suffering from common, disabling and costly neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression. Based in the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina, USA, Evecxia Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that seeks to develop solutions for treatment-resistant depression and other neuropsychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders. Its first lead compound is EVX-101, a treatment targeted at patients who are not achieving adequate responses to traditional antidepressants.
Dr Jacob Jacobsen, one of Evecxia’s founders and its Chief Scientific Officer, as well as a past faculty member at Duke-NUS, worked with colleagues at the National University Hospital and NTUitive to generate the key intellectual property (IP) that enabled the development of EVX-101, a new formulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). In 2018, the company was granted the rights to develop and commercialise this jointly owned IP.
With the licensing rights, Evecxia aims to develop a treatment using slow-release formulations of 5-HTP and low dose carbidopa for treatment-resistant depression. In 2019, Evecxia announced it had successfully raised almost US $2 million for the further development of EVX-101 and the formulation of other technologies and treatments for neuropsychiatric diseases.
Mogrify Ltd
Assistant Professor Owen Rackham, who is from Duke-NUS’ Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, co-founded Mogrify Ltd with his academic colleagues at the University of Bristol in the UK, Monash University in Australia and RIKEN, a major scientific research institute in Japan. Mogrify Ltd uses a network-based algorithm to identify optimal combinations of transcription factors that influence cellular change. This systemic, big data-science approach can be applied to various medical research applications and potentially transform the face of cell therapy.
By 2019, Mogrify had secured $20 million in funding towards research and the licensing of their direct conversion approach to cell therapy. The expansion of a new base in Cambridge, England, is also underway.
Through the funding, the company will continue to enhance its big data-science approach and develop innovative technologies to address the efficacy, safety and scalability issues currently associated with cell therapy development and manufacturing.
Apart from partnerships with disruptive innovators in the regenerative medicine, cell therapy, bio-manufacturing and research sectors, Mogrify’s work has won the company the prestigious Scrip Award for innovation in recognition of the immense potential that such a technology has to disrupt the future development of new medicines.
The SARS-CoV-2 serology test that detects neutralising antibodies
In partnership with GenScript Biotech Corporation and A*STAR’s Diagnostics Development Hub (DxD Hub), Duke-NUS is leading the co-development and manufacturing of a unique serological COVID-19 detection system, marketed as cPassTM. This test, developed by Professor Wang Linfa and his team from Duke-NUS’ Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, enables rapid detection of neutralising antibodies without the need for live biological materials and biocontainment facilities, meaning that it can be analysed in a standard hospital laboratory.
The partnership with A*STAR’s DxD Hub has since facilitated regulatory approvals from Singapore’s Health Sciences Authority, which enabled the distribution of the cPassTM test kit to hospitals around the country, while GenScript has led applications for regulatory approval in the EU, US and other markets around the world.
The cPassTM test is expected to have a major impact on COVID-19 investigations, such as contact tracing, reservoir or intermediate animal tracking, the assessment of herd immunity, the longevity of protective immunity and the efficacy of different vaccine candidates.